考情追踪
纵观各地历年考题,英语考试一般考试题型为选择题、完形填空、阅读及语言表达。在考查最基本语法,词汇知识和交际用语时,通过设置微型语境,将知识与语义的考查有机结合,避免单纯考语法,突出主干知识、重点知识的考查。复习时还要结合时下热门事件,比如:防范H1N1流感,庆贺海军建军60周年等等。完形填空的考查,着眼于学生通过对文章的理解,对同义词、反义词、固定搭配进行正确的区分和运用,从语意一致、行文逻辑方面着手,联系上下文的语境做出符合全局的判断分析和准确理解,从而做出最佳选择。阅读理解要加强课外阅读,培养语篇分析和理解能力。从历年考题看,所选的文章时代感、原汁原味性强,内容涉及面非常广。书面表达一般开放性强,考生有话可说,但要注意文章的质量。
名师讲堂
第一讲 语法
一、词法
(一)名词
1.名词的数
名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,不可数名词没有复数形式,但可数名词有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:
(1)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas。
(2)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes。
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy- comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories;以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, way-ways。
(4)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如果是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes, potatoes。
(5)以f或fe结尾的变f(fe)为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves。
(6)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese。
(7)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks。
(8)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police, class, family。
(9)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers。
(10)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼/fishes鱼的种类 paper纸/papers报纸,卷子,论文; work工作/works作品,工厂;glass玻璃/glasses玻璃杯,眼镜; orange橘子水/oranges橙子; light光线/lights灯;people人/peoples民族;time时间/times时代, 次数; chicken 鸡肉/chickens 小鸡。
(11) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
(12) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen。
2.名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下:
(1)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s。
(2)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’ Day教师节, Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节; Classmates’同班同学的。
(3)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,若分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)。
(二)代词
1.人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,如下:
数 单数 复数
格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称 he him they them
she her they them
it it they them
2. 物主代词表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种,其人物和数的变化如下:
形容词性物主代词:my,your,his,her,its,our,their。
名词性物主代词:mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs。
3.指示代词表示“那个”、“这个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this,that,these,those等。
4.表示“我自己”、“你自己”、“他自己”、“我们自己”、“你们自己”和“他们自己”等的代词,叫做自身代词,也称为“反身代词”。
如: She was talking to herself. 她自言自语。
5.表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词,有each other和one another两组,但在运用中,这两组词没什么区别。
如: They love each other. 他们彼此相爱。
6.不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有all,both,each,every等,以及含有some—,any—,no—等的合成代词,如anybody, something,none。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语, 但none和由some,any,no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语;every和no只能作定语。如:
—Do you have a car? ——你有一辆小汽车吗?
—Yes,I have one. ——是的,我有一辆。
—I don’t know any of them. 他们,我一个也不认识。
7.疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)。
如:Tell me who he is. 告诉我他是谁。
8. 关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等,可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等;另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(通称为先行词)。
如: He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。
(三)动词
动词在语言中是必不可少的一部分。它的语法现象也较多,但在初中范围主要有以下几方面问题:
时态:初中范围主要有一般现在时,一般过去时,现在完成时,过去完成时,将来时与过去将来时六种时态。
语态:主动语态与被动语态。
助动词和情态动词。
非谓语动词,也就是不定式、动名词及现在分词的用法。
1.时态
时态主要掌握以下几种时态的应用要点和习惯用法。
(1)一般现在时
主要有以下三方面:① 用来表示状态、特征或不受时间限制的客观存在和真理。如:Matter exists in three states物质有三态。又如:The earth moves around the sun.② 表示习惯性和经常发生的动作,如:I often go to bed at 9:30.③ 在时间、条件等状语从句中表示将来要发生的动作,如:As soon as I get there I’ll telephone you.
(2)一般过去时
①主要用于表示过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,如:I was ill last week.②过去经常发生的动作或习惯性动作,如:I used to get up at six.
(3)一般将来时
用于表示将要发生的动作,其构成方式:① 用will (shall)+动词原形来表示将来在某一时间内要发生,或将要发生的动作或状态,如:School will begin on Sepember 1st.② 用be going to+动词原形,用来表示不久将要发生或打算去做的动作。如:I’m going to swim this afternoon.③ be+现在分词,也就是用某些动词的现在进行时表示将来,如:I’m coming.这些动词只限于:go, come, leave, start, move, sail, arrive, reach, get to等动词。④ 在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
(4)现在进行时
用于表示现在正在进行的动作,如:What are you doing now?要注意的是表示状态,情感的某些词没有现在进行时,这些动词有:like, have,love, know, understand, remember, forget, see, hear, smell, taste, feel, wish,hope, expect…
现在分词:当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用现在分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:一般在后面加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing,hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing;以不发音e结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking,practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having;以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除去字母组合如show-showing,draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting,let-letting, begin-beginning;以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying,die-dying,lie-lying。
(5)过去将来时
用来表达从过去某时间点上看将要发生的动作,如: He told me he would come to my party?
(6)现在完成时与过去完成时
现在完成时的两个用处是:①用来表达在过去开始的动作持续到现在,如:I’ve studied English for two years?②用来表达过去发生的事但它影响到现在,如:I haven’t had my breakfast, so I’m hungry now?
现在完成时与过去完成时的区别在于动作的截止时间,现在完成时所表达的动作截止于现在,而过去完成时所表达的动作截止于过去。如:I haven’t seen my old teacher for a long time? 我好久未见到我过去的老师了。是指到目前截止。如果加上一句话,则将变为过去完成时,如:Yesterday I saw my old teacher. I hadn’t seen him for a long time. 因为我好久未见他这一情况截止于昨天。还要注意的一个问题是截止性动词可以有完成时,但不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:When I got to school, the class had begun? 如果一定要讲开始几分钟了则要换用表示状态,或延续性动词,如:When I got to school, the class had been on for five minutes?
2.语态
英语中只有主动语态与被动语态之分。主动语态,句子中的主语是动作的执行者,如:I broke the window?而被动语态句子中的主语是主动语态句子中的宾语,如:The window was broken by me?被动语态主要用于动作的执行者不明确,或没有必要说出来,如:The New building was built last week? 关键要注意的是在主动语态中有省略不定式符号to的动词,在被动语态要还原,如:主动语态 I saw him come in.被动语态 He was seen to come in.
3.助动词和情态动词
助动词本身没有词义,它只不过与实义动词一起构成谓语动词,形成了时态、语态、构成了疑问句,否定句,以及用来加强语气。而情态动词则表达一种可能、必要、允许、愿望、猜测……的意图、倾向。也用来表示语气的委婉和祝愿。初中阶段主要有:can, could, may, might, will, would, must (have to), shall, should。
4.非谓语动词
非谓语动词分为不定式和动词的ing形式(即现在分词和动名词)。虽然在初中范围,这一项不是语法重点,但还是要花一定时间去学习,为的是打下良好的基础,为进一步学习提供良好的条件。不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。如:To see is to believe.He want to see a film? 还可以作补足语,如:He wants me to leave.也可以作状语,如:I come here to learn English.
动名词也可以起到上述作用,如:Seeing is believing. I like swimming very much. 而现在分词多用于作定语、补足语、状语,如: The girl driving a car is her sister.(定语) Did you notice his hand shaking?(宾语补足语)
Hearing the noise, we stopped talking.(状语)
(四)形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下:
1. 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:great-greatergreatest, short-shortershortest,tall-tallertallest,long-longerlongest,nice-nicernicest,larg-largerlargest。
2.以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happierhappiest, sorry-sorriersorriest,friendly-friendlierfriendliest(more friendlymost friendly), busy-busierbusiest, easy-easiereasiest。
4.特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远)
good/well-betterbest,many/much-moremost,bad/ill-worseworst,little-lessleast,old-older/elderoldest/eldest,far-farther/furtherfarthest/furthest。
(五)数词
(基变序,有规则;一、二、三自己背;五、八、九、十二、其他后接th;y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth。
(六)冠词
冠词在英语中只有3个词,分为两类:不定冠词a与an,定冠词the。 a用在以辅音开始的单数名词前,an用于以元音开始的单词前。不定冠词用来表示一类事物中泛指的某一事物,而定冠词则用于特指的某一个或某些事物,可用于不可数名词、可数名词单数及可数名词复数前。
二、句法
(一)主要句式
初中所学的句型一般要分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
陈述句中有肯定句与否定句之分。其中可以分为以下五种:
1.主语+不及物动词。如:I arrived at six last night.
2.主语+及物动词+宾语,如:I bought a good English-Chinese Dictionary yesterday.
3.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,如:Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 可加双宾语的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach。
4.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语,如:I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.
5.主语+系动词+表语,如:Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.
在初中常见的句型中有There be…句型,表示存在某种事物,如:There is a map on the wall.其be动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致。要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后,也要用be动词,不要换用have,如:There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题,即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。
(二)从句
1.名词性从句
主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一般由that 引起,也可由who, what, when, why, which, whom, whether, how 引起。
主语从句很多情况下都可以放到句子后面,而用代词it作形式上的主语。
由名词性关系代词whatever, whoever, whichever 等引起的宾语从句。
whether and if 都能引导从句, 但用法有所不同。当主语从句直接位于句首时,应用whether,而不用if。 Whether 后能接or not, 但if 不能。
Whether he will come or not is not known.
在名词reason后的表语从句必须用that引导, 不可误用 because。
The reason why he is often late for class is that he has the bad habit of getting up late in the morning.
2.定语从句
引导定语从句的关系词有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why and which。 在非限制定语从句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when, 如果指代前面整个句子, 多用which。
当引导定语从句的先行词前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等词, 或先行词前为形容词最高级所修饰时,或先行词为all, anything, nothing, something, everything 时,从句的引导词只能用that。
as 可做引导词引导定语从句, 多和such, the same 连用。as引导的定语从句也可修饰整个句子, 既可放在先行词后,也可放在句子开头。
介词+which/whom/whose从句。
代/名+介词+which 从句。
3.状语从句
修饰主句中的动词, 形容词和副词, 通常有从属连词引导, 按其意义和作用可分为时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较等。
时间状语从句:
(1) 常见连词有 after, as, before, once, since, till, (not)until, when, whenever(no matter when), while, as long as, as soon as...
(2) no sooner...than, hardly(scarcely, barely)...when,刚做……就……
(3) 还有 immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, the second, every time...
地点状语从句: 一般用where或 wherever 引导。
条件状语从句:if, unless, so long as, provided that, supposing that, on condition that, in the event that, in case that...
原因状语从句: 从属连词有because, as ,since, for, now, that, in that, seeing that, considering that(鉴于,由于)。
让步状语从句:
(1)even if, though, even though, while(尽管),no matter what/how/which, however, whatever, whichever, however...
(2) 由as 引起的让步从句, 语气较强烈,被强调的词须放在句首。
(3) whether...or...,不管……或……
结果状语从句: so that, so...that, such...that。
目的状语从句: so that, in order that, for fear that, in case。
方式状语从句: as, just as, as if 如同……一样。
比较状语从句:
(1) as...as, not so/as...as
(2) 比较级+than, so much/a lot more than
(3) no more...than, less...than
(4) the more...the more
(三)重点词组、句型
1.重点词组
look at...看……
look like...看上去像……
look after...照料……
listen to...听……
welcome to...欢迎到……
say hello to ...向……问好
speak to...对……说话
put on穿上
take off脱下
write down记下
come on赶快
get up起床
go home回家
come in进来
sit down坐下
stand up起立
in+语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着。
in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示“在……排/队/班级/年级”。
in the morning/ afternoon/ evening 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”。
in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。
in the tree表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”;on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。
in the wall表示“在墙上(凹陷进去)”;on the wall表示“在墙上(指墙的表面)”。 at work(在工作)/at school(上学)/at home(在家)应注意此类短语中无the。
at + 时刻表示钟点。
like this/that表示方式,意为“像……这/那样”。
of短语表示所属关系。
behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等,表示方位、处所。
from与to多表示方向,前者意为“从……”,后者意为“到……”。
kinds of 各种各样的。
either...or...或者……或者……,不是……就是……
neither...nor...既不……也不……
Chinese tea without anything else.中国清茶
take a seat就座
home cooking 家常做法
be famous for 因……而著名
on one’s way to在……途中
be sick/ill in hospital生病住院
at the end of在……的尽头,在……的末尾
wait for 等待
in time 及时
make one’s way to...往……(艰难地)走去
just then 正在那时
first of all 首先,第一
go wrong走错路
be/get lost 迷路
make a noise吵闹,喧哗
get on 上车
get off 下车
stand in line 站队
waiting room 候诊室,候车室
at the head of...在……的前头
laugh at 嘲笑
throw about 乱丢,抛散
in fact 实际上
at midnight 在半夜
have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快
quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架
take one’s temperature 给某人体温
have/get a pain in...某处疼痛
have a headache 头痛
as soon as... 一……就……
feel like doing sth.想要干某事
stop...from doing sth.阻止……干某事
fall asleep 入睡
again and again再三地,反复地
wake up 醒来,叫醒
instead of 代替
look over 检查
take exercise运动
had better(not) do sth.最好(不要)干某事
at the weekend 在周末
on time 按时
out of从……向外
all by oneself独立,单独
lots of=a lot of 许多
no longer/more=not...any longer/more 不再
get back 回来,取回
sooner or later迟早
run away 逃跑
eat up 吃光,吃完
run after 追赶
take sth. with sb.某人随身带着某物
take(good) care of...=look after…(well) (好好)照顾,照料
think of考虑到,想起
keep a diary坚持写日记
leave one by oneself把某人单独留下
harder and harder越来越厉害
turn on打开(电灯、收音机、煤气等)
turn off 关
2.重点句型
I think...意为“我认为……”,是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I don’t think…
give sth. to sb./ give sb sth. 意为“把……给……”,动词give之后可接双宾语,可用这两种句型;若指物的宾语是人称代词时,则只能用give it/ them to sb.
take sb./ sth. to...意为“把……(送)带到……”,后常接地点,也可接人。
One..., the other.../One is...and one is...意为“一个是……;另一个是……”,必须是两者中。
let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”,人后应用不带to的动词不定式,其否定式为Don’t let sb. do sth.或let sb. not do sth., 另外,Let’s 与Let us的含义不完全相同,前者包括听者在内,后者不包括听者在内。
help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作宾补,后者用介词短语作宾补,二者可以互换。
What about...?/How about...?意为“……怎么样?”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词,其后须接名词、代词或v-ing等形式。
It’s time to do.../ It’s time for ... 意为“该做……的时间了”,其中to后须接原形动词,for后可接名词或v-ing形式。
like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”,前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作;后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作。
ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为“让某人(不要)做某事”,其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式。
show sb sth. / show sth. to do 意为“把某物给某人看”。
introduce sb. to sb. 意为“把某人介绍给另一人”;introduce to sb.则是“向某人作介绍”。
So + be/助动词/情牵动词/主语。前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用到这种倒装结构,表示“另一人(物)也如此。”前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用“Neither/ Nor + be/助动词/情态动词+主语”这种倒装结构。 注意:“So+主语+be/助动词/情态动词”这一句型常用于表示赞同,进一步肯定对方的看法,表示“的确如此。”“是呀。”
Turn right/left at the first/second/...crossing. 这一指路的句型意为“在第一/二/……个十字路口向右/左拐。”相当于Take the first /second/...turning on the right/left.
It takes sb. some time to do sth.此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段时间。”其中的it是形式主语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的主语。
...think/find + it + adj + to do sth. 此句型中的it是形式宾语,不可用其他代词替代,形容词作宾语的补足语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的宾语。
What’s wrong with...? 此句型相当于What’s the matter/ trouble with...?后跟某物作宾语时,意为“某物出什么毛病了?”后跟某人作宾语时,意为“某人怎么了?”
too...to... 在so...that...复合句中,that后的句子是否定句时,常与简单句too...to...(太……而不能……)进行句型转换。 在so...that...复合句中,that后的句子是肯定句时,常与简单句...enough to...进行句型转换。
Sorry to hear that. 全句应为I’m sorry to hear that. 意为“听到此事我很难过(遗憾)”,常用于对别人的不幸表示同情、遗憾之意。
第二讲 题型分析
一、完形填空
“完形填空”题是一种旨在考查考生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点,既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等,又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。
(一)完形填空题的命题特点
完形填空题是通过阅读考查学生语言知识及语言知识综合运用能力的一种测试形式。命题人在一段难度适度的文章中留出10个空白,要求考生从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,使补足的短文意思通顺、结构完整。
完形填空是介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型。可以说它是根据一篇文章所提供的情景进行的选择填空,也可以说它是在缺少个别单词情况下的阅读理解。完形填空既有对语法规则、习惯用法和词语搭配的考查,又有对文章内容的通篇理解。完形填空主要考查以下三个方面的内容:
1.词汇
此类题目考查的内容是:近义词的区别,词语的固定搭配和习惯用法。近几年教师公开招聘考试中的完形填空题考查的词汇类别涉及名词、代词、动词、介词、连词、形容词、副词和短语动词。
2.语法
此类题目考查的是:各种语法规则在文章中的运用。其中包括名词的单复数,形容词、副词的比较等级,动词的时态和语态,介词、数词、代词和连词的用法,主谓一致,各种从句的用法等。
3.结构
此类题目考查的是:文章中句子与句子之间,段落与段落之间,上文与下文之间的逻辑关系。
从设空的类型看可分为三个层次:(1)句子层次;(2)句组层次;(3)全篇层次。
设空的难度,从句子层次到句组层次,再到全篇层次,依次增加。
(二)完形填空题的解题技巧
前面我们已经分析过,完形填空是在全面理解短文基础上的选择填空。因此做完型填空题应遵循下列步骤:
1.通读全文,了解大意
做这类题目首先应该把文章通读一遍,了解一下文章的大概内容。千万不要读一句填一句,因为“完形填空”题里所给的大多数选项填入单句后都可成立,但从全文看又不可取。例如:
A hot dog is one of the most popular American foods. It was named after frankfurter, a German food.
You may hear “hot dog” 1 in other ways. People sometimes say “hot dog” to express
2 . For example, a friend may ask 3 you would like to go to the cinema. You might say “Great! I would love to go.” Or, you could say, “ 4 ! I would love to go.”
People 5 use the expression to describe (描写)someone who is a “show-off”, who tries to show everyone else how 6 he is. You often hear such 7 called a “hot dog”. He may be a baseball player, for example, who 8 the ball with one hand, making a (n) 9 catch seem more difficult. You know he is a hot dog because when he makes such a catch, he bows (鞠躬) to the crowd, hoping to win their 10 .
(1)A. eaten B. used C. cooked D. picked
(2)A. strength B. practice C. pleasure D. reply
(3)A. if B. How C. when D. where
(4)A. Hot dog B. Don’t worry C. Never mind D. Excuse me
(5)A. ever B. also C. still D. yet
(6)A. hopeful B. careful C. kind D. great
(7)A. a dog B. a land C. a person D. an action
(8)A. catches B. plays C. passes D. throws
(9)A. hard B. funny C. exciting D. easy
(10)A. thanks B. cheers C. medals D. matches
如果不看后面的文章内容,短文的第一个题所给的四个选项都可以填入空白处,不论是从语法的角度,还是从这个句子的意思完整的角度,都是能够站得住脚的。但如果继续看完这一段短文之后,你就会领悟到,“hot dog”在这里不是“被吃”,“被做”,“被拿”,而是“被使用”,只能选used。
有些考生一拿到“完形填空”题,就着手去填,填到最后,才发现所选答案与全文的意思不符,不得不再从头开始。费时又费力,还不易做准确,这种方法是不可取的。
2.瞻前顾后,逐步填空
了解文章大意之后,就可逐步填空。 一般来说,文章后面所给的选择答案可分三类:一类是语法正确,而意思不对;另一类是意思正确,而语法错误;第三类是语法正确,意思也正确。在选择答案时,一定要考虑到上下文的意思,还要考虑到句子的结构,习惯用法,固定搭配和词类的功能,尽量使选出的答案既符合语法又符合原文的意思。
3.认真复查,适当调整
填空全部做完以后,应把短文从头到尾再读一遍,检查一下填空以后的文章是否连贯,情节是否合理,语法结构是否正确。一般来说,如果意思连贯,情节合理,语法结构正确,就意味着选答没有问题;如果发现个别填空使文章文理不通,语法结构有问题,就说明选答不正确。对这样的填空应该认真推敲,进行调整。
Once upon a time, some children were playing at seaside when they found a turtle(海龟). They began to beat the turtle. Just at that time, a young man came and said to them, “Stop!” The children ran 1 quickly. The turtle was very thankful and said, “Thanks for your kindness. I really would like 2 you to a wonderful palace now.”
The young man rode on the back of the turtle and was taken to the secret palace in the sea. When he 3 the palace, he was very surprised and said to the turtle, “What a nice palace!” To thank him, the king of the turtles gave him 4 . He had never seen such a dinner before. He received a warm welcome there and was very 5 everything.
After dinner, the king of the turtles said, “I am going to give you two boxes, 6 you can open only one.” “You mustn’t open both. Don’t forget it!” the turtle warned him. “All right. I will open only one,” the young man promised(许诺). At this time, a large wave sent him out of the sea.
After he 7 , he opened the bigger one of the two boxes. 8 the box was full of gold. “My God!” he cried. “I’m 9 now.” Then he thought, “Things in the other box must be expensive, too.” He could not wait any longer. He broke his promise and opened the other box. As soon as he opened it, he became an old man. His hair turned white. His face 10 an old man over eighty years old. It all happened in a moment. He was sorry for what he did, but it was too late.
(1)A. through B. away C. into D. out
(2)A. wanting B. asking C. to let D. to invite
(3)A. left for B. arrived on C. arrived at D. got away
(4)A. a very big dinner B. a very poor dinner
C. a very bad dinner D. a very small dinner
(5)A. pleased with B. strict in C. angry with D. sorry for
(6)A. so B. or C. but D. as
(7)A. went back to home B. was back home
C. went back to the sea D. was back the sea
(8)A. To his surprising B. To one’s surprising
C. To one’s surprise D. To his surprise
(9)A. a poor man B. a rich man C. an old man D. a young man
(10)A. liked B. felt like C. looked like D. looked
[解析](1) B根据上下文判断,那些孩子们应该是跑走了。所以应选away。
(2) Dwould like 之后应接不定式,年轻人救了海龟的命,海龟应是“邀请年轻人到宫殿去。”
(3) C到达某个地方应用arrived at。
(4) A按照逻辑,海龟国王要感谢他,必然设盛宴招待他。所以应选a big dinner。
(5) A海龟国王盛情招待他,所以他对一切都满意。pleased with everything表示的就是这个意思。
(6) C海龟国王给了他两个盒子,但只准他打开一个。这里有转折关系,所以应选but。
(7) B年轻人在海里见到了海龟国王,得到了两个盒子以后,应该回家,而不是回到海里,而回家应是was back home。
(8)D使他感到惊讶的是,用英语表示就是To his surprise。
(9)B他得到了金子,当然应该是a rich man。
(10)C由于贪心,他的头发变白了,脸“看起来”像八十多岁的老头。
二、阅读理解
阅读理解主要考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力,包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力及对材料的评估能力等。在以往的招教考试中,阅读理解的比分都比较高,因此,掌握阅读理解的解题策略是非常重要的。
(一)把握英语阅读材料的体裁
招教考试中,阅读理解的文章体裁多样,包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等;题材广泛,涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史、地理与科学技术等各个方面。复习时,考生要有意识地去阅读各种文体和体裁的文章。值得一提的是近年来一些与日常生活关系密切的图表、表格和广告类,如火车或飞机的时刻表、电视节目表、课表、活动日程表、各种情况的比例图、事物发展变化(增减)图、各类标志图、广告等实用类文体越来越受到命题者的青睐。
(二)招教考试中英语阅读理解考点
阅读理解主要考查考生以下几方面的能力:
1.考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力
此类题主要询问的是段落(或短文)的主题、主题思想、标题或写作目的等。其主要提问方式有:
(1)Which is the best title for the passage?
(2)Which of the following is this passage about?
(3)In this passage the writer tries to tell us that ________.
(4)This passage mainly talks about ________________.
2.考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力
此类题是针对文章的细节设计的,其主要提问方式有:
(1)Which of the following is right?
(2)Which of the following is not mentioned?
(3)Which of the following is Not True in the passage?
(4)Choose the right order of this passage.
(5)From this passage we know .
3.考查根据上下文猜测生词含义的能力
此类题要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义,或者确定it,they,them等代词的确切指代。其主要提问方式有:
(1)The word “...” in the passage probably means ________.
(2)The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to ________.
(3)The underlined word“gulf” in Para.3 most probably means ________.
4.考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解,对文章各段、各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力
此类题目的主要提问方式有:
(1)Many visitors come to the writer’s city to ________.
(2)Western people usually use “cat” to refer to(指代)“________”.
(3)Tom’s mother bought him a clock,because ________.
5.考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力
此类题目在文章中没有明确的答案,需要考生在理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式有:
(1)We can guess the writer of the letter may be a ________.
(2)We can infer from the text that________________ .
(3)Who are the intended readers of the passage?
(4)From the story we can guess ________________.
(5)When a fire happens,_______if you open the hot door.
6.考查推断作者的观点、意图和态度的能力
这类题目的主要提问方式有:
(1)The purpose of the passage is to ________________.
(2)The writer writes this text to ________________.
(3)The writer believes that ________________.
(4)The author mainly tells us _______in the passage.
(三)学会利用主题句理解英语阅读理解题
最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章(或一段文章)通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的,而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括,这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此,理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点:(1)概括性强,表述的意思比较概括。(2)结构简单,句子结构较简单,多数都不采用长、难句的形式。(3)受它支撑,段落中其他的句子是用来解释、支撑或发展该句所表述的主题思想。在一篇短文或一个段落中,大部分主题句的位置情况有三种:
1.主题句在段首或篇首
主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文、议论文大都采用先总述、后分述的叙事方法。例如:
Tea bag drinking is most Westerns’ favorite way of drinking tea. Do you know how it came about?
The tea bag was invented in 1908 by Thomas Sullivan,an American tea seller.He was sending out free tea in silk(丝绸) bags for people to try.People put the bags together with the tea leaves into the cup and added hot water.The tea tasted good,and people thought it was easy to clean the cup.They were not happy when Sullivan started sending them loose(散的) tea again...
第一段即是主题句。这个句子概括了本文的中心意思:The history of tea bags,后面讲述了一个故事说明“Tea bags”的产生。
2.主题句在段末或篇末
用归纳法写文章时,往往表述细节的句子在前,概述性的句子在后,并以此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的归纳总结或者所得出的结论。例如:
Reading is a good habit,but the problem is,there’s too much to read these days,and too little time to read every word of it.There are hundreds of skills to help you read more in less time.Here are two skills that I think are especially good.
这段文章开头肯定了阅读是个好习惯。第二句提出阅读时间的问题。于是,作者提出解决这个问题的方法,首段段末的这个句子“Here are two skills that I think are especially good.”就是主题句。
3.无主题句
有时,一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句。这时考生应该怎样来确定文章的主题或中心意思呢?其实这也不难。可以首先找出每一段的中心意思,各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的,或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。
(四)学会猜测阅读理解题中的生词词义
词汇是阅读理解的基础。考生必须掌握教材中所学的所有单词和词组,了解构词法知识,如熟记一些常见的前缀、后缀,以及词语的合成和转化等,并且要进行大量的课外阅读扩大自己的词汇量。阅读需要一定的词汇量,同时在大量阅读的同时,不仅可以复习学过的词汇,还可以扩大自己的词汇量。尽管如此,在阅读中还是不可避免会遇到生词或者熟词生义,在英语阅读理解试题中猜测词义是必不可少的,因此,考生必须学会如何猜测词义。任何一个词语,在一定的上下文中只能表示一个确定的词义。据此,考生可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义,即从已知推求未知,也就是用熟悉的词或短语来猜测不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时,可以从以下几个方面来考虑:
1.根据定义或解释猜测词义
When I first studied English,I was told to say,“I am fine” when people say “How are you?” But in the US,I found that people say,“I am good” or “I’m tired”.
One day,someone greeted me with “What’s up?”It made me confused.I thought for a moment and then smiled because I didn’t know what to say.
What does the word “confused” in the second paragraph mean in Chinese?
A.困惑 B.憧憬 C.悲痛 D.后悔
在这篇文章里,“confused”虽然是一个新单词,但紧接着后面就给出解释“I thought for a moment and then smiled because I didn’t know what to say.”根据这一解释,我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。
2.根据情景和逻辑进行判断
A recent survey shows that in modern society,most people pick up practical goals,such as “earning money to buy a house and a car”,“to improve one’s life quality”,“finding a good job”.
The Chinese meaning of the phrase “life quality” is ________.
根据文章所提供的事实,在当今社会大多数人选择现实的生活目标,例如“赚钱买房和买车,找好工作”,可以推出“to improve one’s life quality”意思是“提高生活质量”。
3.根据同义词或反义词关系猜测词义
If you want to be a musician,you usually have to move to an area that has a lot of jobs,such as New York City.The cost of living in these areas is usually very high.The third disadvantage is that you can’t have a stable family life.Different jobs will take a musician to different places,so most musicians are unable to have a regular family.
What does the underlined word “stable” mean in Chinese?
A.幸福的 B.稳定的 C.健康的 D. 和睦的
从后一句话说“Different jobs will take a musician to different places,so most musicians are unable to have a regular family.”,从句中的“different places”和“regular”可判断B为正确答案。
(五)学会应对阅读理解中的细节题和推理题
1.做细节事实题的方法
在阅读理解题中,有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共同特点:
(1)凡属针对特定细节的考题,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语,也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子,但句式、用词和表达方式不同。
(2)干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂,正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂,甚至真假混杂。因此,要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目,一要在文章中找出相应的信息点,二要排除干扰项。
2.做推理判断题的方法
所谓推断,就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息,推断出未知的信息,即把有关的文字作为已知部分,从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子,也可能是若干句子,甚至是全文。中考英语试题中的推断题主要有以下几种:
(1)事实推断
这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节,是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断,要先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字,然后加以分析,尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。
(2)指代推断
确定代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象,关键在于对所在上下文的正确理解。另外,指代名词的指代词,其单复数形式与被指代的词一致,因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象的第一个辅助标志。
(3)逻辑推断
这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景、人物的表情、动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。
(4)对作者的意图和态度的推断
这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断,如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对,还是犹豫不定,对记叙或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠,还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来,而往往隐含在字里行间。因此,进行这种推断时,考生既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推理的前提,又要注意作者的措辞,尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。
三、英语写作
纵观近几年招教考试英语写作题,题材一般是写人、写事、写物、写景、日记、书信、通知、便条等文体。一般来说,不同的写作题材,它的人物、时间、写作的重点也是不尽相同的。英语写作重点考查学生综合运用英语语言的能力,在考试中重点注意一下几个方面:
(一)句式要有变化
1.复合句、并列句
2.倒装句
3.强调句型It is...that (who)...
4.非谓语动词
5.虚拟语气
6.固定句型结构too...to...,so...that..., such a...that..., not only...but also...,neither...nor...,such as...,not ...until..., so that...,either...or...
7.直接引语与间接引语
8.多种时态,动名词、不定式、并列结构
(二)要使用高等级词汇及短语
1.使用高等级词汇
2.使用短语
3.使用谚语
4.使用表强调的词,如alone, just, single, only, not...at all,on the earth,the very,on earth等。
5.使用修辞手法:明喻, 暗喻,夸张,头韵,拟人等。
as busy as a bee, as proud as a peacock,as blind as a bat,as cool as a cucumber
(三)使用连接词,过渡自然,连贯通顺,一气呵成
1. 用于按空间展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有:above,before,here,on the left,across,below,in the distance,on the right,beyond,nearby,opposite to,over,also,further,next to,on top of,up,down,close to,beneath,under,around,near to,along
2.用于按时间顺序展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有:soon, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early, this morning /year,now, after, at present, later, afterwards finally, at last, all of a sudden, at noon, in the morning/afternoon/evening
3.用于按分析法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有:first, second, now,for this purpose,but,as a result,furthermore,finally,at last,moreover,also,therefore,likewise,another,for example,next,yet,for instance,on the contrary,once,in addition,in summary,such,in this case,on the other hand,then,otherwise,in conclusion,thus
4.用于按比较法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有:another,moreover,in addition (to),equally important,too, also,at the same time,besides,then,in the same way,in fact,like,similarly
5.用于按对比法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有:on the contrary,different from,on the other hand,in contrast to,despite,in spite of, yet, but,whereas, unlike,nevertheless,not only...but also,here...there,the former...the latter,then...now,some...others,one...the other,once...now,on the one hand...on the other hand(一方面……另一方面)。
6.逻辑关系
递进: then(然后), besides(还有), furthermore(而且), moreover(此外)
转折: however(然而), but(但是), on the country(相反), after all(毕竟)
总结: finally(最后), at last(最后), in brief(总之),in conclusion(最后)
强调: indeed(确实), certainly(一定), surely(确定), above all(尤其)
对比: in the same way(同样地), just as(正如), on the one hand...on the other hand
(四)写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式
以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式,每组句式的功能相同或相似,考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的1—2个,做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。
1.表示原因
There are three reasons for this.
The reasons for this are as follows.
The reason for this is obvious.
The reason for this is not far to seek.
The reason for this is that...
We have good reason to believe that...
2.表示好处
It has the following advantages.
It does us a lot of good.
It benefits us quite a lot.
It is beneficial to us.
It is of great benefit to us.
3.表示坏处
It has more disadvantages than advantages.
It does us much harm.
4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
It is important(necessary,difficult,convenient, possible)for sb. to do sth.
We think it necessary to do sth.
It plays an important role in our life.
5.表示措施
We should take some effective measures.
We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties.
We should do our utmost to do sth.
We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with.
6.表示变化
Some changes have taken place in the past five years.
A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications.
The computer has brought about many changes in education.
7.表示事实、现状
We cannot ignore the fact that...
No one can deny the fact that...
There is no denying the fact that...
This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.
However,that’s not the case.
8.表示比较
Compared A with B.
I prefer to read rather than watch TV.
There is a striking contrast between them.
9.表示数量
It has increased(decreased)from...to...
The population in this city has now increased (decreased)to 800,000.
The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of January.
10.表示看法
People have(take,adopt,assume)different attitudes towards sth.
People have different opinions on this problem.
People take different views of(on)the question.
Some people believe that...Others argue that...
11.表示结论
In short,it can be said that...
It may be briefly summed up as follows.
From what has been mentioned above,we can come to the conclusion that...
12.套语
It’s well known to us that...
As is known to us...
This is a topic that is being widely talked about.
From the graph(table,chart)listed above,it can be seen that...
As a proverb says,“Where there is a will,there is a way.”
(五)做到审题要清、要点明确、列出提纲、写顺全文、没有病句、先打草稿
1.审题要清
看到考题后,先不要急于动笔,要仔细看清题目要求的内容。在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面,确定短文的中心思想,不要匆匆下笔。看懂题意,根据提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。
2.要点明确
要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点,同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力,把情景中给出的各个要点逐一罗列出。
3.列出提纲
为写作做好准备。根据文章要点和短文的中心思想将主要句型、关键词语记下,形成提纲。
4.写顺全文
写短文时要做到五个方面:
(1)避免使用汉语式英语,尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。
(2)多用简单句型,记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。可适当多使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用非谓语或独立主格结构等较复杂的句型。
(3)注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。语态、时态要准确无误;主谓语要一致,主语的人称和数要和谓语一致;注意冠词用法,例如:It takes Tom half an hour to go to school by bus.中的an不能写成a;注意拼写,例如:fourteen,forty,ninth等不要写成forteen,fourty,nineth等;注意标点符号和大小写。
(4)描写人物时,要生动具体,可以选择使用下列词汇,例如:外形:tall,short,fat,thin,strong,weak,pretty等;颜色:red,yellow,blue,white,green,brown,black等;心情:glad,happy,sad,excited,anxious,interested等;情感:love,like,hate,feel,laugh,cry,smile,shout等。
(5)上下文要连贯。同学们应把写好的句子,根据故事情节,事情发生的先后次序(时间或空间),使用一些表示并列、递进等过渡词进行加工整理,使文章连贯、自然、流畅。同学们应注意下面过渡的用法:并列关系:and,as well as,or...;转折关系:but,yet,however...;时间关系:when,while,after,before,then,after that...;因果关系:so,therefore,as result...;目的:in order to,in order that,so as to,so that...;列举:for example ,such as...;总结性:in general,in all,in a word,generally speaking...
5.没有病句
作文时,由于时间紧、内容多,应试者出错在所难免。因此,改错这一环节必不可少。作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分,根据错误多少来扣分。因此考试时花几分钟时间用来检查错误显得尤为重要。检查错误应从以下几个方面入手:
(1)看字数是否达到要求,看有无遗漏要点。
(2)看文体格式是否正确规范。
(3)看有无语法或用词上的错误。
(4)看单词拼写、字母大小写是否有错,标点符号有无遗漏或用错等等。
(5)注意时态、语态、人称是否上下文一致。
6.先打草稿
考试中,书面表达应做到先打草稿,写完后多读几遍,检查是否有误,然后再抄到试卷上,注意字迹要工整,不涂、不画、不勾、不抹,避免不必要的扣分。
真题1+1
单项选择题
1.Mary, please show _______your picture.
A. my B. mine C. I D. me
【答案】D
【解析】该题考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。本题中动词show后面跟双宾语,空白处应填入人称代词的宾格me作宾语。
2.There _______a football match on TV this evening.
A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have
【答案】B
【解析】该题考查的是There be...句型和动词have用法区别。There be句型本身就表示“在某个地方存在某个人或物”,不能和动词have混在一起用。
3.—Why didn’t you go to the movie yesterday?
—Because I _______it before.
A. had watched B. have seen C. have watched D. had seen
【答案】D
【解析】该题考查的是动词的搭配以及现在完成时和过去完成时的用法区别。看电影习惯上用see a movie, 又因为说的昨天以前发生的事情,应该用过去完成时。只有D正确。
4.—Hurry up! We’re all waiting for you.
—I _______for an important phone call. Go without me.
A. wait B. was waiting C. am waiting D. waited
【答案】C
【解析】该题考查的是动词的时态。表示现在正在进行的动作,用现在进行时。
5.Could you help _______with _______English, please?
A. I, my B. me, me C. me, my D. my, I
【答案】C
【解析】第一个空作宾语,应用人称代词的宾格me, 第二个空作定语,应用形容词性物主代词my.
6.In the exam, the _______you are, the _______mistakes you’ll make.
A. carefully, little B. more carefully, fewest
C. more careful, fewer D. more careful, less
【答案】C
【解析】该题考查的是形容词和副词的比较以及它们的比较级的用法。第一个空应填形容词careful的比较级,因为它在句中作表语,第二个空应填few的比较级,因为它修饰的是复数可数名词。
7.Aunt Li often asks her son _______too much meat. It’s bad for his health.
A. don’t eat B. not to eat C. not eat D. to not eat
【答案】B
【解析】该题考查的是动词不定式的构成和用法。这个句子的基本句型是ask sb. not to do sth. 这里,not to eat 是不定式的否定式做宾语补足语。
8.That day I saw some parents _______at the back of the classroom,_______to the teacher.
A. sitting, listened B. sat, listened C. sitting, listening D. sat, listening
【答案】C
【解析】该题考查的是see sb doing sth.的句型结构和分词作状语的用法。第一个空sitting在句中作saw的宾语补足语,第二个空listening做伴随状语。
9.You _______open the door before the train gets into the station.
A. don’t have to B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
【答案】B
【解析】该题考查的是几个情态动词否定式的用法区别。don’t have to和needn’t的意思都是“不必”,may not的意思是“可以不”,只有mustn’t表示“不许”,“禁止”。
10.—I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.
—Oh, I am sorry I _______dinner at my friend’s home.
A. have B. had C. was having D. have had
【答案】C
【解析】该题考查的是动词的时态。表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时。
名师同步陪练
一、单项选择题
1._______orange on the desk is for you, Mike.
A. A B.An C. / D. The
【答案】D
该题考查的是冠词的基本用法。因为是特指课桌上的那个橘子,所以用定冠词the。
2.—What _______the number of the girls in your class?
—About twenty.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
【答案】A
【解析】该题考查的是动词be的用法和主谓一致。the number作主语,应该是单数第三人称,动词be变为is。
3.—Who is the man _______was talking to our English teacher?
—Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.
A. he B. that C. whom D. which
【答案】B
【解析】该题考查的是引导定语从句关系代词的选择。由于先行词是人,可以排除A和D。而该词在定语从句中作主语,只有B合适。
4.—Did you win the football game?
—Bad luck. Our team _______in the final one.
A. won B. beat C. was won D. was beaten
【答案】D
【解析】该题考查的是动词搭配和动词的语态。动词win通常和比赛一类的词连用,不与人或队连用,因此可以排除A和C。beat是个及物动词,既然我们的运气不好,就是输了,应该用被动语态。
5.Bob never does his homework _______Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.
A. so careful B. as carefully as C. carefully D. as careful as
【答案】B
【解析】该题考查的是形容词和副词的用法比较。该空应填副词,因为它修饰的是动词does。该题用的是as+副词+as的结构,所以答案应是B。
6.China is becoming stronger and stronger, so Chinese _______in more American schools now.
A. was taught B. is taught C. teaches D. taught
【答案】B
【解析】该题考查的是动词的语态和时态。Chinese 是一种语言,只能被人教,因此要用被动语态。又因为说的现在的情况,动词要用一般现在时。所以选B。
7.—I like riding fast. It’s very exciting.
—Oh! You mustn’t do it like that,_______it may have an accident.
A. and B. or C. so D. but
【答案】B
【解析】该题考查的是连接并列句的并列连词的选择。and通常连接两个意思一致的并列句,so连接两个有因果关系的并列句,but连接两个有转折关系的并列句,or相当于if not意思是“否则”。
8.—Do you know ________?
—Only ten months old.
A. when does Tiger Woods start golfing B. when did Tiger Woods start golfing
C. when Tiger Woods starts golfing D. when Tiger Woods started golfing
【答案】D
【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的时态和语序。这个宾语从句的时态应用一般过去时,因为这里说的是过去的事情。语序应用陈述句的语序,所以正确答案是 when Tiger Woods started golfing。
9.Could I _______your telephone? I have something important to tell my parents.
A. keep B. borrow C. use D. lend
【答案】C
【解析】该题考查的是keep, borrow, use和lend四个动词的用法区别。keep的真正含义是“保留”,borrow的含义是“借入”,lend的含义是“借出”,只有use的含义是“使用”。在这个句子里实际上是“使用”的意思,所以应选use。
10.—Hi, Ann. Where’s your brother? I need his help.
—He left home two weeks ago and _______away ever since.
A. is B. was C. has been D. had been
【答案】C
【解析】该题考查的是动词时态的用法区别。一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或现在所处的状态;一般过去时表示过去的动作或过去所处的状态;过去完成时表示过去的动作或过去的时间以前发生的事情;现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或刚刚结束。 |