本帖最后由 2014教师招考 于 2015-1-20 12:00 编辑
在教师招聘英语笔试中,作文一直以必考题形式在主观题及整个笔试范围内占据重要地位。但是大部分考生对英语作文很是头疼,常常感觉无从下手。今天专家从全面把握英语作文、重点把握审题立意及各个突破写作三段三个方面分析英语写作,希望能帮助广大学员对教师招聘英语笔试作文部分了解并熟悉,掌握重点,突破难点,获取写作高分。 一、重点把握审题立意 (一)审题注意事项 审题是作文的第一步。要认真审阅作文的说明要求和所给的材料,比如,关键词、段首句、提纲、提示、图表说明等等,从而明确作文的写作范围和侧重点,确定与文章内容相应的体裁、中心、表现手法等等。在平时进行写作练习中,就要养成认真审题,仔细研究所给材料的良好习惯。 文章的主题都浓缩在标题或所给材料里。 一篇文章只能有一个主题思想,明确主题才能立意。 确立了主题,理清思路,构思文章,然后围绕重点,进行扩充展开。 (二)审题过程中的常见问题 1.漏题:有些题目比较长,同学们很容易会漏掉题目中的某些重要信息,这时就要找一些比较长的题目,找出其中的关键词或词组,并且试着让他们用自己的语言来重写题目中的信息内容。 eg:How to Improve Students’Mental Health 2.偏题:题目中会有多个问号,但是却选错了主要问号。题目里分为背景信息介绍和写作指令的引出,这时要把握住写作指令所在的一句话,判断出题者的意图,根据他的思路展开文章。 eg:“Advantages and Disadvantages of City Life”(城市生活的利与弊) 3.碰到生单词:如果在考试要求或者标题中遇见不认识的单词,就联系上下文语境和所给单词,结合构词法来猜测意思。不要放过试卷所给的任何一个单词。但是关键还是在平时积累! eg:“Is Creative Thinking Only Limited to Gifted People?”(创造才能仅局限于天才人物吗?) 二、全面把握英语作文 本部分就作文相关问题以问与答形式展现,让考生直观了解英语作文,以解决英语写作过程中各个疑点。 1.是否需要背范文? 平常注意积累:(1)精彩词汇,(2)精彩句型,(3)精彩句子,(4)万能框架,(5)经典范文。 2.句子越难分越高? 通常,一个主句+一个从句,再用连接词串起来就好。最好长短句结合。关键在于句意表达是否清晰、正确、完整。
3.是否需要打草稿? 可以在草稿纸上把头脑中闪现的分论点、考前准备的加分词汇和句型大致记录下来,动笔写的时候可以参考。 4.阅卷老师重视什么? 语法、拼写、标点基本正确;段落清楚,词汇和句型丰富多变。 5.考生需要提高什么? 考生应该在最少的构思时间内明确主题,力争将语法、拼写、标点等低级错误降至最低,力求用词用句准确恰当,表达地道。 三、各个突破写作三段 (一)开头的万能公式(Well begun is half done.) 1.开门见山。这一般都用于谈及对某个观点或现象的看法的文章,在文章的开头就简单的谈出个人看法,然后在下文里展开论述。如: Chinese people in my eye: The Chinese have a 5000 - year history, and modesty, industry, bravery, kindness are the flower of their virtues. In my opinion, they still remain true in reality. -Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.... -Now there is a growing awareness/recognition of the need for.... 2.名人名言。名言警句有说服力,展现考生知识丰富的一面。 -A proverb says "You are only young once."适用记住的名言) -It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.(适用自编的名言) -"..."Such is the opinion of a great philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion. -In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this "...". 3.数字统计 要想更有说服力,就可以用实际的数字来说明。 -According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. -Travel by Bike:根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 -A recent statistics shows that… 4.自问自答 通过提问的方式引起读者对文章的兴趣,在篇首就简单给出答案,也可以将答案放到接下来的段落中。这一般都是用在作文题本身就是提问式或是结论式的文章中。 -Should people be always honest? Don’t hesitate to say“NO”! -What is a good student? Different people may have different answer to this question. Someone thinks that …Others claim that…But I think… -Should/What ...... ? Options of ... vary greatly , some ..., others ...But in my opinion , ......
5.讲故事法。用生动具体的故事吸引阅卷老师,此法比较新奇独特,但是难度较大,不好掌握。 -Six o'clock yesterday (June 20th, Friday) afternoon, when I was walking along the riverbank of our school, an unbelievable scene caught my eyes. -Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt .... The phenomenon of ... has aroused public concern. -Once upon a time , there lived a man who ... This story may be (unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now. (二)文章的中间段 1.一定要有中心句 中间段一般也叫发展段,是用于发展、拓宽开头段中揭示出的文章的主题的段落。中心句是段落展开的逻辑起点,一般为第一句话,因为教师招聘英语考试作文并不是很长,中心句摆在中间不利于老师把握你的逻辑脉络。中心句定要写得简单漂亮,尤其是对于议论文这一经常考的体裁,中心句都起着分论点的作用。对于给出提示的考题,一般它分段的提示就可以写成一个中心句。这样整个文章的骨架就支撑起来了。 正文应以文章的开头为线索,具体地叙述、说明或论证文章的主题。文章不论长短,每个段落都必须为主题服务。像说明文和议论文这一类的文章,一个主题还常分成几个小主题,每个小主题要用一个段落处理,另起一段时,应是一层新的意思。每一段的开头,要放一个表示段落小主题的主题句,这样可使文章条理化,易于阅读,便于读者抓住主题。 2.中间段一定要段落分明,围绕中心句展开 中间段可以是一个段落也可以是数个,但在教师招聘英语考试作文中一般都不超过两到三个。它们从不同侧面说明文章的主旨。在发展段中,它又是由中心句(topic sentence)、拓展句(development sentence)和结论句(concluding sentence)组成的。 -How to solve the problem of heavy traffic. 你可以先给出多种方案,如:Two solutions can be used to solve the problem.然后first、second分别进行展开。也可以只提供一种思路并给出相应的原因,如Many solutions to solving the problem of heavy traffic have been offered,among which I prefer opening up more bus lines to reducing the number of bicycles and cars.这是对于一个发展段而言的,两个发展段的中心句则最好能互相呼应,句式也最好一致。 -The happiness of reading books. 两个发展段的首句均为其中心句.也是作者在这两段中分别要进行论述的主题:Books are our friends.Books are teachers.
3.注意文章布局的连贯 在写好中心句后,要围绕其做进一步的阐述,把文字材料很好地组织起来,一定要把主要观点用简短的话明确地写出来,而且要分点概括,注意好连接句的使用。如: 我们经常用first, second, third, last 或firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally来论述观点,但因为用的太多所以不推荐。推荐一下用法: A)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally B)to start with, next, in addition, finally C)first and foremost, besides, last but not least D)most important of all, moreover, finally E)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用两点的情况) F)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) 4.常用的展开方法 根据不同的题材可以选择使用不同的展开方法,也可以同时使用几种。 A.对比法:对比法在段落的展开中是最常用的,就是将不同现象、观点、看法等进行比较。对比的双方可能是没有利害冲突的,也可能是互相对立的。 eg. my view on job-hopping 相似的比较: in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner 相反的比较:on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with B.因果法:这类作文一般都是先有个结论性的东西,然后让你做进一步的解释和说明。如果是现象,则解释现象产生的原因;如果是态度,则表明你为何选择这种态度。eg. The career I plan to choose C.举例法:有些考题会明确指出要你举例说明,除了考英语写作能力,也是在考平时是不是留心观察日常生活中一些社会现象和问题。eg. Haste makes waste D.概述法:一般用于先分后总的段落结构中,即先给出原因再写结果,或先列出现象再总结根源。它是就全文的布局而言的,一般概述性的文字都会出现在最后一段中,这在说明性的文章中比较多见。eg. we need to broaden our knowledge (三)结尾万能公式(wonderful ending,happy ending) 结尾一般都是对全文的概括,或是提出建设性的意见,或有所展望。常用的方法有: 1.结论式结尾 -Obviously, we can draw the conclusion that... -Thus, it can be concluded that…, -Therefore, we can find that… 或者to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus ...
2.建议式结尾 -Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. -Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. -Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken. 3.首尾呼应,画龙点睛 以“I Cannot Forget Her” 为例的结尾 After her death, I felt as if something were missing in my life. I was sad over her passing away, but I knew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people. 4.重复主题句 结尾回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上,达到强调的效果。如“I Love My Home Town”(我爱家乡)的结尾: -I love my home town, and I love its people. 5.指明方向,激励读者 结尾表示对将来的展望,或期待读者投入行动。如“Let's Go in for Sports”(让我们参加体育运动)的结尾: -As we have said above, sports can be of great value. They not only make people live happily but also help people to learn virtues and do their work better. A sound mind is in a sound body. Let's go in for sports. 6.展望式结语。一般是针对目前需要改进或还没有实现的事情或事物提出一种希望。 -In a word,TV advertisement,I think,is a newborn thing in the development 0f our economy. Of course,there is much room for improvement in TV ads,but I believe the TV ads will benefits both the advertisers and consumers. 文章的结尾没有一定的模式,可以根据表达主题的需要灵活创造。一般的习惯是,一些记叙文和描写文经常采用自然结尾的方法;但说理性和逻辑性较强的说明文和议论文则往往都有结束语,以便使文章首尾呼应,结构完整。
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