教师招考论坛

 找回密码
 免费注册
每日定期发布教师招牌资讯
查看: 817|回复: 0

[英语] 2015教师招聘英语备考之动词知识汇总

[复制链接]
发表于 2015-3-3 17:26:17 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
2017年最新教师招聘考试内部教材
教师招考二维码

【动 词(一)】

一、知识概述

英语中,每个句子必须有一个动词来担当谓语。说明主语“是什么”或“做什么”,动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词和名词、代词一样,有人称和数的变化。谓语动词的人称和数一般要与主语的人称和数保持一致。

学好了英语动词相当于学好了一半的英语语法,可见英语动词的重要性。在初中英语中,动词的分类、动词的时态和语态以及动词的各种形式之间的联系,非谓语动词的构成、用法等等贯穿整个初中课本,包括英语句型都离不开动词时态或语态,因此在学习时特别要注意英语中时态的运用和语态之间的区别。

二、动词的分类及作用

按照动词的词义和在句中的作用,英语动词可分为行为动词(又叫实义动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。

1、行为动词

表示动作或状态,能独立作谓语。如:

She took pictures of trees.

He is typing letters.

行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。

(1)及物动词

及物动词后面必须跟宾语,意思才完整。

I enjoyed the film very much.

I gave the child another piece of cake.

常见的能带两个宾语的动词有:

bring, build, buy, cook, cut, draw, find, get, hand, leave, lend, make, offer, pass, pay, read, return, sell, show, teach, tell, write, etc.

(2)不及物动词

本身词义完整,后面不要求跟宾语。如:

Horses run fast.

They work in a factory.

She curled up in bed and began her book.


2、连系动词

(1)本身有词义,不能在句子中单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语。常见的连系动词有:be, look, get, feel, sound, turn, smell, taste, become.

My father is an engineer.

My brother has become a doctor.

It seems that he was a millionaire.

I don’t feel very well today.

(2)表示感觉知觉的动词可以是连系动词,如feel, touch, sound, smell.

I can smell the sea.

The customs officer looked carefully at their suitcases.

I feel a pain in the arm.

She looked worried about it.

3、动词与介词的固定搭配

动词与介词的搭配主要指下列两种形式:

(1)动词+宾语+介词

The song always reminds me of my school days.

Parents usually expect a lot of their children.

I often take her for her sister.

He hides everything from me.

The headmaster praised the boy for his courage.

They supplied people with enough food and drink.

They presented us with a lot of flowers.

The man was charged with murder.

(2)动词+反身代词+介词

dress oneself in prepare oneself for

give oneself to pride oneself on

He gives himself to pop music.

She always dresses herself in white.


【动 词(二)】

一、动词的形式

大多数动词有四种基本形式:

1、现在式;2、过去式;3、过去分词;4、现在分词;

现在式是字典中所给的形式,也可称为动词原形。按照动词各种形式的构成方法,动词可分为规则动词和不规则动词两类。

1、第三人称单数形式;加-s的规则

动词一般现在时单数第三人称形式的构成和名词复数的构成法及读音完全一样。

2、动词的过去式和过去分词:构成动词-ed形式的规则。

(1)规则变化的过去式和过去分词的构成是一样的。都加-ed。

(2)不规则动词的过去式及过去分词的形式是不规则的,可以查不规则动词变化形式表。

① 有些动词的三种形式一样。如:


② 下面是一些易误用的不规则动词

3、英语动词的现在分词,一般在动词末尾加-ing。


【动词的时态(一)】

一般现在时

在英语中,不同时间里以不同方式发生的动作或存在的状态,要用不同的动词形式来表示,动词的这种不同形式称为动词的时态。

时态从时间上划分,可分为四大类:现在时;过去时;将来时;过去将来时。从行为上,每一类可以分为四种形式:一般式;进行式;完成式;完成进行式。这样英语的动词合起来,总共有十六种时态,初中只需掌握其中的八种时态。

1、一般现在时

(1)一般现在时表示现在的状态、习惯性的动作或主语所具备的性格和能力等。

① 当动词是be时,第一人称用am,第二人称用is,其他人称用are.

② 当动词是实义动词时,一般用动词原形,但如果主语是第三人称单数时,动词必须用第三人称单数形式,其变化规则如下:

助动词do(第三人称单数用does)构成否定句、疑问句及答语,但要注意助动词后原来的谓语动词要恢复原形。例如:

I like music.   I don’t like music.

Do you like music?   Yes, I do No, I don’t

(2)一般现在时的用法

① 表示经常、习惯性动作,常和often, usually, every day, sometimes, always等时间状语连用。如:

He goes to school by bus every day.

They often play football


② 表示能力、职业、特征。如:

Miss Gao teaches English.

Do you speak Japanese?

③ 表示客观存在。如:

The earth moves round the sun.

Time and tide wait for no man.

④ 表示已经安排好或计划好的事。如

The plane takes off at 7:30.

Classes begin at 8:00.

⑤ 在时间状语和条件状语从句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。如:

If I see him, I’ll tell him to give you a call.

We’ll wait until he comes back.

注意:

a. 一般现在时的一些常见的时间状语有:always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, ever, never, every day, now and then, from time to time

b. 现在进行时有时用来代替一般现在时,表示一个经常性的重复的动作或状态。这时句中常带用always, forever以表示说话人的某种感情,如赞叹、厌烦等。如:

He is always thinking of others.

He is always talking big.


【动词的时态(二)】

一般过去时

(1)一般过去时表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。

① 当动词为be动词时,应该用相应的过去式:

am is ---- was   are ---- were

否定形式为:was not ---- wasn’t   were not ---- weren’t

疑问句是将was, were 置于主语之前。

I was in Grade Three last term.

I wasn’t in Grade Two last term.

Which grade were you in?

② 当动词为实义动词时,用动词的过去式,过去式的变化有规则和不规则变化。规则变化如下:

动词过去式的不规则变化需要逐个记忆。见初三教材后的不规则动词变化形式表。

go ---- went  begin ---- began   sleep ---- slept   run ---- ran

I heard the good news just now.

The twins didn’t go to school last week.

Did you see the film yesterday?

(2)一般过去时的用法

① 表示过去某一时间或一段时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的状语连用:yesterday, last week, a minute ago, in 1998, just now, in those days等。例如:


They had a baby last month.

My mother was ill yesterday.

He went out just now.

② 用于since引导的从句,主句的谓语动词如果用现在完成时,since引导的从句一般要用一般过去时。如:

He has worked in the factory since it opened in 1990.

You haven’t changed much since we last met.

注意:

a. 表示过去的时间状语常见的有:yesterday, last night (week, year, month, Sunday), then, at that time, just now, a few days (weeks, months) ago.以及由after, before, when, while引导的表示过去的时间状语。

b. 一般过去时可以用来表示现在的时间,这主要用于日常会话,使用的语气较为婉转客气。如:

I wanted to ask if I could borrow your bike.


相关帖子

高通过率教师招考教材
您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 免费注册

本版积分规则

关注教师招考微信公众号

教师招考论坛 ( 闽ICP备14015709号 )

GMT+8, 2024-11-15 14:25 , Processed in 0.382750 second(s), 27 queries , Gzip On.

Powered by 0590EDU管理团队 X3.4

© 2001-2020 教师招考论坛

返回顶部