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[英语] 初中英语重要知识:主谓一致、宾语从句

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发表于 2015-9-7 10:16:10 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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一、主谓一致
英语中,谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致。
1、以there或here引起的句子,谓语是be动词时,如果主语是并列的几个名词,谓语动词应和最靠近它的一个名词保持人称和数的一致。
例如:
There are two trees and a well behind the house.
Here is an apple, two oranges and some peaches for you.
2、由neither…nor/either…or/not only…but also/not…but等连接的名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与最靠近它的一个名词或代词保持人称和数上的一致。
例如:
Neither jack nor I have seen the film.
Either you or I am worry.
Not only you but also he comes here every day.
3、each和由some/any/one/every构成的复合代词,都作单数看待,谓语动词应用单数形式。
例如:
Each of us has something to say.
Is everybody ready?
Somebody is using the phone.
4、主语后接with/together with/as well as/but等短语作定语时,谓语形式不受定语的影响。
例如:
The teacher together with his students is going there on foot.
5、many a(许多)和more than one(不止一个)等作定语去修饰作主语的单数可数名词时,谓语动词用单数。

例如:
Many a way has been tried.
6、pair of等表示数量的名词短语修饰主语时,谓语的形式要与pair等名词形式一致。常见的有:pair of/kind of/type of/box of等。(但a lot of/lots of和a number of不属于这一类)。
例如:
There is a pair of shoes left.
7、从句或短语(包括不定式和动名词)作主语时,往往表达一种抽象概念,谓语动词用单数。
例如:
Waving hand is to say“goodbye”.
What he said is wrong.
8、maths/news/physics/the United States等单数概念,复数形式的名词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数。
例如:
The United States was founded in 1776.
9、时间、距离、金钱、重量、容量等名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
例如:
Twenty years is a long time.
Two hundred dollars is a lot of money.
10、the number of+名词,谓语动词用单数:a number of+名词,谓语动词用复数。

二、宾语从句
1、连词:连词由充当宾语从句的句子语气来确定。如果为陈述语气,则用that(可省略);如果为特殊疑问语气,则用适当的特殊疑问词;如果为一般疑问语气,则用if/whether(是否)。
例如:
He says (that)he lives in Beijing.
I don′t know where he works.
Could you tell me if/whether it snows in winter in Australia?
注意:在宾语从句中,if后面不能直接跟or not,而whether后面则可以。

例如:
Can you tell me whether or not the train has left?
2、时态

例如:
Do you know who will give us a talk?
He asked if it was five o′clock.
注意:宾语从句如果表达客观事实、真理,则不论主句为何种时态,从句一般用一般现在时。
例如:
The teacher told us(that)the earth moves around the sun.
3、语序:宾语从句一律要用陈述语序。
例如:
Li Mei asked me where Mary was.
4、连接代词:what可以表示“…的话”,“…的事”的意思。
例如:
I can not understand what he said.
5、标点符号:带有宾语从句的复合句用什么标点符号,要依据主句的句式来确定。
例如:
He asked me how many students there were in our class.
Do you know if he will go to the cinema tomorrow?
6、在think/suppose/expect等动词之后的宾语从句中,如果从句谓语是否定含义,则不用否定形式,而将主句谓语动词变为否定形式。
例如:
I don′t think you are right.我认为你不对。

7、宾语从句和连接代词在句中作宾语时,从句中应用及物动词;若从句中的动词是不及物动词,应在其后加介词或副词。
例如:
Please tell me what place he lives in.
8、如果宾语从句是用and连接的并列句,两个宾语从句前都要使用连接词;如果连接词都是that,第一个可以省略,第二个则不能。
例如:
I heard(that)their team won and that the teacher was pleased.

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